waterjet abrasives main features:

abrasive jet cutting metal working due to the physical nature of the material being cut does not affect the existence of thermal deformation, no secondary processing; narrow kerf, Fused zirconia mullite can improve material utilization; controllable, can be arbitrarily cut from the workpiece point start, end at any point, to adapt to a variety of sheet metal forming cut any curve. Also no cutting dust, tasteless, non-toxic, easy remote control, suitable for harsh environments or hazardous working conditions require proof environments.
Scope: This technology can be designed for general-purpose devices such as two-axis plane cutting machine, brown fused aluminum oxide the machine adopts microcomputer control, adapt to a variety of sheet metal forming cutting arbitrary curves, such as non-metallic materials sheet: marble, granite, glass, ceramics and other works; sheet metal materials: titanium, stainless steel, ordinary steel, etc.; composite sheet: carbon fiber / epoxy, fiberglass / epoxy and so on.This technology can also be developed using reinforced concrete floor, balcony, staircase cutting equipment, as well as for cutting explosive environment. Such as cutting equipment pipelines, coal mine cutting equipment.
Application: cooperation with Shanghai University has developed a pre-mixed abrasive water jet cutting machine tools two-axis plane, were semi-industrial experiments, good performance.

Collectively cutting action from the grinding process

Collectively cutting action from the grinding process in a hard material, mainly for the manufacture of abrasive. The abrasive is sharp, hard material, relatively soft material to the grinding surface. There are natural and artificial abrasive abrasive abrasive two categories. fused zirconia mullite  Classification according to the hardness of superhard abrasive abrasive and general extravagant two categories. A wide range of abrasives, waterjet abrasives from softer household detergents, abrasive stones hardest material to diamond. Each product is a precision abrasive essential materials. Many natural abrasives, has been replaced by artificial abrasive. mold for grinding wheel  In addition to diamonds, the natural abrasive properties are not very stable, but still has its value.
cooperation with Shanghai University has developed a pre-mixed abrasive water jet cutting machine tools two-axis plane, were semi-industrial experiments, good performance.

alluvial garnet gbrasives quality can be compared

According to the evaluation and purchase garnet color, transparency, granularity as the basis. Gem garnet CBN abrasive grit standard requirements: transparency, bright colors, particle size greater than 5 mm. In the international gemstone market, pristine, bright colors, high value garnet crystal clear. Emerald green chrome vanadium aluminum garnet highest value,alluvial garnet gbrasives quality can be compared with those emerald. Red, orange and red garnet is also very valuable. Purple teeth Ukraine is now one of the more common middle and low gems. Gaudy colors, pure, transparent varieties are purple teeth black share. Its refractive index is high, strong luster, color beautiful and diverse, is a favorite gem varieties. Many countries of the purple teeth black as "January birthstone", a symbol of fidelity, love and chastity. Westerners think purple teeth black with a life-saving magic; in the Middle East, White fused aluminum oxide  purple teeth black was elected to do the royal family keepsake. Geological Museum of China, the possession of an orange-red spessartite Shida Jing body, weighing 1397 karats, produced in Xinjiang. U.S. National Museum of Natural History in the collection of the world's best a cinnamon brown yellow transparent stone (iron, calcium and aluminum garnet), is a picture of Christ carved delicate, heavy 61.5 kt, priceless.

waterjet abrasives Scope

The abrasive is sharp, hard material, relatively soft material to the grinding surface. There are natural and artificial abrasive abrasive abrasive two categories. Classification according to the hardness of superhard abrasive abrasive and general extravagant two categories. A wide range of abrasives, from softer household detergents,alluvial garnet gbrasives  abrasive stones hardest material to diamond. Each product is a precision abrasive essential materials. Many natural abrasives, has been replaced by artificial abrasive. In addition to diamonds, the natural abrasive properties are not very stable, but still has its value. Diamond is the hardest abrasive, origin in South Africa, accounting for 95% of world production, and the rest of Brazil, Australia, Guyana and Venezuela. Industries ranging from white to black diamond, can be made after the crushing wheel, abrasive, polishing wheels and grinding powder.
This technology can be designed for  white aluminum oxide  general-purpose devices such as two-axis plane cutting machine, the machine adopts microcomputer control, adapt to a variety of sheet metal forming cutting arbitrary curves, such as non-metallic materials sheet: marble, granite, glass, ceramics and other works; sheet metal materials: titanium, stainless steel, ordinary steel, etc.; composite sheet: carbon fiber / epoxy, fiberglass / epoxy and so on.

alluvial garnet gbrasives, glass beads

Chemical formula: 3Al2O3 · 2SiO2. Colorless. Red or blue with rose-containing impurities. Orthorhombic, a columnar or needle-like crystals. Melting temperature of about 1910 ℃.  alluvial garnet gbrasives‍ Generated calcined clay, high alumina raw material (such as kyanite, andalusite, sillimanite) and ceramics. Is the main component of clay brick, high alumina brick and porcelain,  Moore produced in Scotland Island and other places. Can also be fused legal system. See kyanite and andalusite.

Refractoriness: 1800 ° C while still stable, cubic boron nitride‍ 1810 ° C and a liquid phase decomposition of corundum mullite

Mullite is a high-quality refractory materials, it has expanded uniform, excellent thermal shock resistance, high load softening point, a small high-temperature creep, hardness, chemical resistance and good features, mainly high purity electricity fused mullite, green silicon carbide‍ fused mullite general, all-natural mullite sintered bauxite concentrate and the light burned mullite. 

alluvial garnet gbrasives Nepalese cashmere hammer

Precautions during installation when installing first wheel on safety and quality testing, method, Nepalese cashmere hammer (you can also use a pen) tapping the side of the wheel,alluvial garnet gbrasives‍  then no problem crisp sound positioning problem grinders installed in any position, is the question we must first consider the installation process, only selected reasonable and appropriate location, we can perform other work. Grinder prohibit installed near the equipment and facing the operator or the place has often been in the past, generally the larger wheel shop should set up a dedicated room. If you really can not because of restrictions set up a dedicated factory terrain wheel room, black silicon carbide‍  hould be installed in the front of the wheel height of not less than 1.8m protective bumpers and tailgate requires strong and effective. Unbalanced balance problems mainly by grinding wheel manufacturing and installation is not accurate, so that the wheel does not coincide with the center of gravity and rotary caused. 

Harm imbalance mainly manifested in two aspects, one at high speed when the wheel rotates, causing vibration, could easily lead to the workpiece surface polygonal oscillation marks; on the other hand, unbalanced accelerated vibration spindle and bearing wear, serious when will cause wheel breakage, or even cause an accident. Therefore, the request is greater than or equal to a large installed straight on the card after hours should be static balance wheel when dressing or discovered after shaping the imbalance in the work should be repeated static equilibrium 200mm sand office. Matching matching problem mainly refers to the chuck and the wheel mounting support problems. According to standards, wheel chuck diameter not less than the diameter of installed building sand-third, and the corresponding provisions of the grinding wheel wear to a larger diameter than the diameter of 10mm chuck should be replaced with a new wheel. sandblasting material‍ Thus there is a matching problem chuck and grinding wheel, otherwise it will happen, "big horse car" wasteful equipment and materials; "small horse cart" do not meet the safety requirements, could easily lead to accidents. Therefore, a reasonable match chuck and grinding wheel, one hand can save equipment, cut about materials; hand and meet the requirements for safe operation. Further, between the wheel and the installation of a larger diameter than the chuck should chuck diameter 2mm, 1mm ~ 2mm thick cushion. Protection issues grinder shield is the most important protective device, its role is: When the wheel for some reason destruction at work, can effectively cover the wheel debris, ensure the safety of personnel. 

CBN abrasive grit Fused corundum brick

Fused corundum brick [fused castiong alumina bricks] fused alumina bricks are melted in electric arc furnaces in the aluminum casting to a specific model of a certain shape by the annealing, and then processed by diamond abrasive to give the desired products. The crystalline form of aluminum products CBN abrasive grit‍ according to which the number of how many different and is divided into three kinds, the first one is mainly α-Al2O3 crystal phase, called α corundum brick; second is α-Al2O3 and β-Al2O3 crystalline phase mainly basic content is 1:1, α-phase content is slightly higher, called α, β corundum brick; third crystalline phase to β-Al2O3-based, called β corundum bricks. 

The product α-Al2O3 crystal phase and the β-Al2O3 based, the content of about 50%, the product crystallized dense below 1350 degrees, the corrosion resistance of the glass is excellent fused zirconia mullite‍ in after it is widely used in glass tank furnace, and the work site, the site is usually chute, lip brick, tile and other gates. Internationally fused alumina brick with Japan's Toshiba to do the most good

waterjet abrasives Productio

Production of steel fiber reinforced concrete, the main question is how effective the fiber material is uniformly dispersed in the concrete, the fibers into a group or just avoid dense knot. This has the feeding order a lot of concrete, aggregate and should generally be the first fine aggregate dry mix, white aluminum oxide‍ then add the fibrous material has been evacuated by adding cement and stir in the water. If the cement and water join prematurely, the fibers absorb water, under water adsorption force between the surface tension and fiber, combined with bonding of the cement, steel fiber agglomerate into groups, directly affect the uniformity of steel fiber reinforced concrete, this will greatly reduce the performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete.Ordinary concrete with high compressive Glass beads‍ strength, but the tensile strength, toughness and crack resistance are poor. In general the amount of concrete mixed with steel fiber concrete preparation called steel fiber reinforced concrete. Tensile strength, crack, toughness and compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural strength of steel mold for grinding wheel‍ fiber concrete would have greatly improved. As a new type of steel fiber reinforced concrete concrete, has its unique advantages and performance.

alluvial garnet gbrasives Fused brick

Fused Fused zirconia corundum brick brick brick , also known as the abbreviation is AZS, is based on three chemical composition Al2O3-Zr02-Sio2 ternary phase diagram , according to their order of how much content , Al2O3 take A, Zr02 take Z, Sio2 take S, using the abbreviation for national standards , such as 33 cast AZS bricks, abbreviated as AZS-33 #, 36 cast AZS bricks, abbreviated as AZS-36 #, 41 cast alluvial garnet gbrasives‍ AZS bricks, abbreviated as AZS- 41 # .

Fused brick manufacturing process will be a selection of zircon sand and industrial alumina powder with 1:1 , plus a small amount of NaZO ( in the form of sodium carbonate is added ), B20: ( in the form of boric acid or borax added ) flux , mixed uniform , after the 1900 ~ 2000 ℃ melt cast molding , can be prepared containing zr0233% of the cast slabs . On this basis , the use of part desilication zircon sand as raw material , can brown fused aluminum oxide‍ be obtained with ZrO2 36% ~ 41% of the cast slabs . gaogangyuzhuan corundum brick (z irconia-eorundumrefraetory brick) using industrial alumina powder and a selection of zircon sand as raw material , ZrO2 content is made ??of 33% to 45 % of the refractory Fused zirconia mullite‍ products . Fused zirconia corundum brick is mainly used in the glass industry furnaces , electric glass furnace, the steel industry 's slide, sodium silicate industry kilns and other high temperature erosion -resistant refractory kiln

alluvial garnet gbrasives Liquid relative

Liquid relative to the dry blasting machine blasting machine, the biggest feature is the good control of the blasting process dust pollution and improve the working environment for blasting operations. 

General composition 

A complete liquid blasting machine alluvial garnet gbrasives‍ generally consists of five components, namely the structure of the system, medium power systems, piping systems, control systems and auxiliary systems. 

Works 

‍Sandblasting machine is grinding pump liquid as the liquid feed mill powered by the alluvial garnet gbrasives‍ the liquid (abrasive and water mixture) into CBN abrasive grit‍ the gun. Compressed air as the driving force to accelerate the grinding fluid through the pipeline into the gun in the gun, the gun into the air to accelerate the grinding fluid, and after the injection nozzle, spray the surface to be processed to achieve the desired processing purposes. In liquid blasting machines, grinding brown fused aluminum oxide‍ pump to feed power, compressed air to accelerate momentum.That cleanliness, representative of international standards, there are two: one is the United States 85 years to develop "SSPC-"; second is 76 years in Sweden developed "Sa-", which is divided into four grades were Sa1, Sa2 , Sa2.5, Sa3, the usual common international standards.                                                                          

CBN abrasive grit prohibit close

Must wear protective equipment before working good, are not allowed to work naked arm. Shall not be less than two at work. 

Tank, pressure gauge, safety valve to regularly check. Gas tank once every two weeks emissions of dust, sand filter tank checked once a month. 

CBN abrasive grit‍ the vent pipe and blasting CBN abrasive grit‍ machine door is sealed. The first five minutes of work required to start the ventilation and dust removal equipment, ventilation and dust removal equipment failure when the ban sandblasting machine work. 

Compressed air to slowly open the valve, pressure must not exceed 0.8MPa. 

Sand grain size should be green silicon carbide‍  adapted to the requirements of work, usually between ten to twenty numbers apply, sand should be kept dry. 

When sandblasting machine work,  CBN abrasive grit. When cleaning and adjusting operation of the site should be shut down. 

Who are not allowed to use compressed air to blow dust or joking. 

After work, ventilation and dust removal steel fiber for concrete reinforcement‍ equipment should continue to operate for five minutes and then off to exhaust indoor dust and keep clean. 

Occurrence of personal, equipment accidents, should protect the site and report the authorities.                                                    ‍

alluvial garnet gbrasives Garnet

Garnet is a mineral garnet crystal with pomegranate seeds shapes, colors are very similar, hence the name "garnet." Good color and transparency can be a gem garnet, garnet English name for the Garnet, from the Latin "Granatum" evolved, meaning "as a seed." Common garnet red, but the color alluvial garnet gbrasives‍  is very broad kind enough to cover the entire spectrum of color. Common Garnet recognized for its chemical components into six were red garnet (Pyrope), almandine garnet (Almandine), manganese aluminum garnet (Spessartite), calcium and iron garnet (Andradite), calcium aluminum garnet (Grossular) and uvarovite (Uvarovite). 

Garnet common garnet red, but the color is very broad kind enough to cover the entire spectrum of color. Garnet Product "Garnet" from the Latin "granatus" ("grain", i.e. grain), may be green silicon carbide‍  provided by "Punica granatum" ("pomegranate", i.e., pomegranate) from [3], which is a red plant seeds the shape, size and color are similar portion garnet crystal. 

Garnet common response to Glass beads‍  its chemical composition and confirmed into six types [4], respectively, red garnet (Pyrope), almandine (Almandine), manganese aluminum garnet (Spessartite), andradite (Andradite) calcium aluminum garnet (Grossular, variants have tsavorite (tsavorite) and cinnamon Stone (hessonite)) and uvarovite (Uvarovite). Garnet form two solid solution series: a red garnet - almandine - spessartine and 2 uvarovite - grossular - andradite.

waterjet abrasives Mechanism of action of fiber reinforced concrete

Mechanism of action of fiber reinforced concrete 

According to theoretical and experimental results at home and abroad, compared with ordinary concrete, mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete significantly improved tensile strength and can be increased by about 2-fold, bending strength is 2.5-3.5 times that of ordinary concrete Fused zirconia mullite‍  flexural strength, improve the impact strength is more obvious, generally up to 5 times more than ordinary concrete, and even up to 20 times. 

Currently, the mechanism of steel fiber reinforced concrete, there are two different interpretations. One is the fiber spacing mechanism proposed by the United States Rmuald; One is composite mechanism brown fused aluminum oxide‍ England Swamy, Manga and others made. Here we analyze the main fiber spacing mechanism. 

Fiber spacing mechanism is based on the basis of linear elastic fracture mechanics description of a constraint fiber up to the occurrence and development of cracks. mold for grinding wheel‍ The mechanism that in the concrete originally flawed, desire to improve the strength of this material, it must be possible to reduce the level of defects, improve toughness and reduce stress concentration factor inside the crack tip.

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CBN abrasive grit Refractoriness

Refractoriness is the material reaches a certain degree of softening temperature under high temperature, high temperature performance characterization of the material to resist. 

Significance of refractoriness and different CBN abrasive grit‍  melting points indicated. The crystalline melting point of the liquid to the solid phase at body temperature equilibrium. Refractoriness multiphase body reaches a certain degree of softening temperature. The vast majority of ordinary refractories, for both the multiphase heterogeneous materials, without necessarily melting point, it began to appear liquid to completely melt is a gradual process, in a fairly wide temperature range, solid-liquid phase coexistence. Gu Yu Characterization softening and melting characteristics of this material at high temperature can be measured in refractoriness. 

Refractory material is not a specific absolute quantities, the material is measured under specified test conditions to achieve the particular degree of softening of the relative time specification. The test mold for grinding wheel‍ material made according to the method prescribed truncated triangular pyramid (referred to as test cone), and has a fixed bend down at a specific temperature, heating rate standard temperature truncated triangular cone (referred to as standard cone) of servers in a given heating rate and a certain heating under atmospheric conditions, in order to test the degree of bending down cone with a standard cone bend down quite a contrast method for determining the degree of refractoriness. Under the sea bottom truncated cones, long 8mm, on the sea bottom 2mm, height 30mm. When measured, the cone angle may be in the liquid phase at elevated temperatures. With increasing temperature, increasing the amount of liquid, the liquid viscosity is reduced, the cone softened. When softened to a certain extent, the effect of its own weight cone gradually bend down. When synthetic diamond‍ tested with a standard taper cone while bending down until its apex in contact with the chassis, then this standard inverted cone curved determined temperature prevail, as the test cone refractoriness. Our general standard cones and cone bent down to WZ temperature tenth bid. If the test standard taper cone and WZ171 No. bend down simultaneously, the refractoriness of the sample is 1710 ℃. Many other countries Seck cone (SK) as a standard cone, specific measurement method is slightly different. 

alluvial garnet gbrasives fiber reinforced concrete

Ordinary concrete with high compressive strength, but the tensile strength, toughness and crack resistance are poor. In general the amount of concrete mixed with steel fiber  steel fiber for concrete   concrete preparation called steel fiber reinforced concrete. Tensile strength, crack, toughness and compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural strength of steel fiber concrete would have greatly improved. As a new type of steel fiber reinforced concrete concrete, has its unique advantages and performance.

Production of steel fiber reinforced concrete, the main question is how effective the fiber material is uniformly dispersed in the concrete, the fibers into mold for grinding wheel a group or just avoid dense knot. This has the feeding order a lot of concrete, aggregate and should generally be the first fine aggregate dry mix, then add the fibrous material has been evacuated by adding cement and stir in the water. If the cement and water join prematurely,Fused zirconia mullite  the fibers absorb water, under water adsorption force between the surface tension and fiber, combined with bonding of the cement, steel fiber agglomerate into groups, directly affect the uniformity of steel fiber reinforced concrete, this will greatly reduce the performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete.

alluvial garnet gbrasives Steel fiber reinforced concrete

Ordinary concrete with high compressive strength, but the tensile strength, toughness and crack resistance are poor. In general the amount of concrete mixed with steel fiber concrete preparation called steel fiber reinforced concrete. Tensile strength, crack, toughness and compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural strength of steel fiber concrete would have greatly improved. As a new type of steel fiber reinforced concrete concrete, has its unique advantages and performance.

Production of steel fiber reinforced concrete, the main question is how effective the fiber material is uniformly dispersed in the concrete, the fibers into a group or just avoid dense knot. This has the feeding order a lot of concrete, aggregate and should generally be the first fine aggregate dry mix, then add the fibrous material has been evacuated by adding cement and stir in the water. If the cement and water join prematurely, the fibers absorb water, under water adsorption force between the surface tension and fiber, combined with bonding of the cement, steel fiber agglomerate into groups, directly affect the uniformity of steel fiber reinforced concrete, this will greatly reduce the performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete.                                  

alluvial garnet gbrasives Mechanism of action of fiber reinforced concrete

Mechanism of action of fiber reinforced concrete
According to theoretical and experimental results at home and abroad, compared with ordinary concrete, mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete significantly CBN abrasive grit improved tensile strength and can be increased by about 2-fold, bending strength is 2.5-3.5 times that of ordinary concrete flexural strength, improve the impact strength is more obvious, generally up to 5 times more than ordinary concrete, and even up to 20 times.
Currently, the mechanism of steel fiber reinforced concrete, there are two different interpretations. One is the fiber spacing mechanism proposed by the Glass beads  United States Rmuald; One is composite mechanism England Swamy, Manga and others made. Here we analyze the main fiber spacing mechanism.
Fiber spacing mechanism is based on the basis of linear elastic fracture mechanics description of a constraint fiber up to the occurrence and development of cracks. The mechanism that synthetic diamond in the concrete originally flawed, desire to improve the strength of this material, it must be possible to reduce the level of defects, improve toughness and reduce stress concentration factor inside the crack tip.

CBN abrasive grit Meaning and effect of high temperature refractory

Meaning and effect of high temperature refractory                                                                                          Refractoriness is the material reaches a certain degree of softening temperature under high temperature, high temperature performance characterization of the material to resist.
Significance of refractoriness and different melting  brown fused aluminum oxide  points indicated. The crystalline melting point of the liquid to the solid phase at body temperature equilibrium. Refractoriness multiphase body reaches a certain degree of softening temperature. The vast majority of ordinary refractories, for both the multiphase heterogeneous materials, without necessarily melting point, it began to appear liquid to completely melt is a gradual process, in a fairly wide temperature range, solid-liquid phase coexistence. Gu Yu Characterization softening and melting characteristics of this material at high temperature can be measured in refractoriness.
Refractory material is not a specific absolute quantities, the material is measured under specified test conditions to achieve the particular degree of softening of the relative time specification. The test material made according to the method prescribed truncated triangular pyramid (referred to as test cone), and has a fixed bend down at a specific temperature, heating rate standard temperature truncated triangular cone (referred to as standard cone) of servers in a given heating rate and a certain heating under atmospheric conditions, in  Glass beads  order to test the degree of bending down cone with a standard cone bend down quite a contrast method for determining the degree of refractoriness. Under the sea bottom truncated cones, long 8mm, on the sea bottom 2mm, height 30mm. When measured, the cone angle may be in the liquid phase at elevated temperatures. With increasing temperature, increasing the amount of liquid, the liquid viscosity is reduced, the cone softened. When softened to a certain extent, the effect of its own weight cone gradually bend down. When tested with a standard taper cone while bending down until its apex in contact with the chassis, then this standard inverted cone curved determined temperature prevail, as the test cone refractoriness. Our general  steel fiber for concrete  standard cones and cone bent down to WZ temperature tenth bid. If the test standard taper cone and WZ171 No. bend down simultaneously, the refractoriness of the sample is 1710 ℃. Many other countries Seck cone (SK) as a standard cone, specific measurement method is slightly different.
[1] refractoriness refractory is an important technology assessment indicators. However, not as a product temperature limit. Polycrystalline refractory material composed of a single phase, which is generally lower than the melting point of the crystal refractoriness. However, some refractory material, such as when high viscosity liquid form, which can be higher than the melting point of refractoriness.

Mullite brick features

Refractoriness higher, up to 1790 ℃ or more. RUL starting temperature 1600 ~ 1700 ℃. Cold crushing strength 70 ~ 260MPa. Good thermal shock resistance. Sintered mullite bricks and fused mullite brick two kinds. Sintered mullite brick high bauxite as main raw material, adding a small amount of clay or raw bauxite as binder, after molding, firing and made. Fused Glass beads mullite brick high bauxite, alumina and fireclay as industrial raw material, fine-grained charcoal or coke as a reducing agent, to produce fused after forming method using the restore. Fused mullite sintered mullite crystallization than big, good thermal shock resistance than sintered products. Their performance depends on the content of the high temperature alumina brown fused aluminum oxide and mullite phase uniformity of the glass. Mainly for roof stove, blast furnace body and bottom, glass melting furnace regenerators, ceramic sintering furnace, petroleum cracking system dead lining and so on.

Principle of abrasive blasting

Sandblasting is powered by compressed air, to form the appearance of high-speed jet beam will spray material (copper sand, quartz sand, silicon carbide, iron ore, Hainan sand) high-speed jet to the surface to be processed, so that the outer surface of the workpiece surface or shape changes due to impact and abrasive cutting action on the workpiece steel fiber for concrete steel fiber for concrete  surface, the surface of the workpiece to obtain a different cleanliness and roughness, so that the mechanical properties of the surface is improved, thereby improving the fatigue resistance of the workpiece, increasing the it and the adhesion between the coating to extend the durability of the coating, but also conducive to peace and decorative paint flow

Synthetic diamond

Unstained "temperament . Diamond also known as diamond, because it is the very nature of the hardest substances Mohs hardness of 10 , microhardness 10000kg/mm2, quartz micro hardness than 1000 CBN abrasive grit times , 150 times higher than corundum . it 's extremely difficult to form and found that it is carbon in the deep Earth under special conditions of high temperature and pressure after millions of years of " penance " turned into , due to the movement of the crust , they came to the surface from the depths of the earth, hidden in kimberlite , which was discovered and mined humans , although humans can produce a synthetic diamond , but the quality is still far less than the size of a natural diamond .

CBN abrasive grit,alluvial garnet gbrasives,waterjet abrasives: Synthetic diamond manufacturing method

CBN abrasive grit,alluvial garnet gbrasives,waterjet abrasives: Synthetic diamond manufacturing method: Direct method Artificial diamond or high pressure high temperature technology using instantaneous static or dynamic high pressure high tem...

Synthetic diamond manufacturing method

Direct method
Artificial diamond or high pressure high temperature technology using instantaneous static or dynamic high pressure high temperature techniques, or a mixture of both techniques , carbonaceous materials such as graphite, to make changes directly from a solid or molten state to the diamond, diamond obtained by this method are micron size polycrystalline powder.
Melting media law
Static high pressure synthetic diamond (50 ~ 100kb, i.e., 5 ~ 10GPa) and high temperature (1100 ~ 3000 ° C) by techniques synthetic diamond such as graphite, diamond produced by the reaction of carbonaceous materials and certain metals ( alloys ) , which is typically a crystalline cubic ( hexahedron ) , octahedron and six - octahedra and their transitional forms . Show important applications in industry is mainly static melting media law . This approach was abrasive grade synthetic diamond production has more than natural diamond , pending further problem is to increase the ratio of coarse-grained , improve the conversion rate and improve the crystal quality . Laboratory studies are currently using static media law of large particles melt quality single crystal diamond formation. Seeded epitaxial growth of large single crystals has been one karat weight around ; later improved slightly with the general testing techniques , has been crystal of about 2 to 4 mm . This method also uses a large particle growth and sintering of polycrystalline diamond, which has been obtained in certain industrial applications, the key problem is to further improve the compressive strength of polycrystalline diamond , impact strength, Fused zirconia mullite wear resistance and overall performance and heat resistance .
Epitaxy
Synthetic diamond is the use of certain hot carbonaceous material and the electrolytic solution of the carbon deposited on the seed crystal diamond substrate or from the action of certain substances formed by epitaxial growth .
Wurtz reaction
Let carbon tetrachloride and sodium at 700 ℃ reaction of diamond . But will also generate a lot of graphite.
Formation mechanism
There are several theories following : the doctrine that the solvent metal ( alloy ) plays the role of carbon in a solvent ; catalytic doctrine is considered to be a catalyst ; solid phase transition theory emphasizes the disintegration of the graphite crystal without bond breaking , formed through a simple deformation diamond crystal . But the theory put forward by the three typical models are often contradictory with some of the major experimental phenomena and laws . Therefore , there solvent - catalyst , the catalyst - solvent , melt ( solvent ) agent - catalyst ( referred to as melting media ) are used to further explore other theories metals (alloys ) role. In general , the formation mechanism of synthetic diamond is still a still exploring the complex issues .
Associated thermodynamic

Abrasive blasting range of applications

( A ) coating the workpiece , the workpiece can blasting treatment before bonding the surface of all dirt or rust removed and the surface of the workpiece is important to establish the basis of the drawings ( which is usually called the matte side ) , and can be through the exchange of different size abrasive , abrasives such as abrasive Chin achieve CBN abrasive gritvarying degrees of roughness , greatly improving the work with paint, coating material adhesion. Or so pieces of adhesive bonding stronger , better quality .

(B ) casting matte , sandblasted after heat cleaning and polishing the workpiece can clean up the castings and forgings , all the dirt surface after heat treatment (eg, oxide , oil, and other residues ) , and to improve the surface finish of the workpiece polishing can make workpieces exposed metal color uniform , so that the workpiece looks more beautiful, beautiful.
(C ) machined parts deburring and surface blasting can clean up the surface to beautify the tiny glitches, and make the surface more smooth , eliminating the hazards glitches and improve the quality of the mold for grinding wheel workpiece. And sandblasting can play a small fillet at the junction of the workpiece surface , the workpiece is even more beautiful, more sophisticated .
(D ) to improve the mechanical properties of the parts after sandblasting machine parts , can produce a uniform fine uneven surface in parts of the surface , so that oil get stored , so that lubrication conditions improve and reduce the noise to improve the mechanical life.
(E ) light decoration effect for some special purpose parts, sandblasting can easily implement different reflective or matte . Such as stainless steel parts , plastic grinding , polishing , wooden furniture matt surface of jade , patterns frosted glass surface and texturing surfaces such as fabrics .

Firebrick Features

Own property
1, the chemical composition of : determining the main component of the quality and characteristics of the refractory
2 , bulk density: weight per unit volume , density , indicating good density , high strength may , but probably large thermal conductivity
3 , apparent porosity : not to make a sandblasting material specific request, but manufacturers must be strictly controlled as apparent porosity .
4 , RUL : Also called high-temperature load deformation temperature start , this parameter is very important, high temperature resistance marker material
5, the thermal shock resistance : resistance to sudden temperature change capacity without being destroyed
6 , the compressive strength : bear ( room temperature ) maximum pressure capability
7 , flexural strength : the ability to withstand the shear stress
8 , the linear rate of change : change , also called heavy firing line or call residual line changes , refer to the expansion and contraction of each change in volume occurs at the same temperature alluvial garnet gbrasives change , if every expansion and contraction , we define such a linear rate of change 0
Physical and chemical properties
1, wear resistance :
2 Thermal conductivity : the unit temperature gradient conditions by the rate of heat flow per unit area of ??the material , with a porosity of about
3 , Impact resistance: do not explain it , good impact resistance , service life is long
4 , slag resistance : ability without being destroyed slag erosion resistance at high temperatures

Firebrick Features

Own property
1, the chemical composition of : determining the main component of the quality and characteristics of the refractory
2 , bulk density: weight per unit volume , density , indicating good density , high strength may , but probably large thermal conductivity
3 , apparent porosity : not to make a CBN abrasive grit specific request, but manufacturers must be strictly controlled as apparent porosity .
4 , RUL : Also called high-temperature load deformation temperature start , this parameter is very important, high temperature resistance marker material
5, the thermal shock resistance : resistance to sudden temperature change capacity without being destroyed
6 , the compressive strength : bear ( room temperature ) maximum pressure capability
7 , flexural strength : the ability to CBN abrasive grit withstand the shear stress
8 , the linear rate of change : change , also called heavy firing line or call residual line changes , refer to the expansion and contraction of each change in volume occurs at the same temperature change , if every expansion and contraction , we define such a linear rate of change 0
Physical and chemical properties
1, wear resistance :
2 Thermal conductivity : the unit temperature gradient conditions by the rate of heat flow per unit area of ??the material , with a porosity of about
3 , Impact resistance: do not explain it , good impact resistance , service life is long
4 , slag resistance : ability without being destroyed slag erosion resistance at high temperatures

Modern glass beads

Glass bead jewelry is a common accessory, widely used in clothing, evening dresses, shoes, hats, handbags, hair, wool textiles, beaded, lighting, handicrafts, etc.
With the state-controlled natural gas, a direct result of rising costs of production of glass beads, glass beads manufacturers Daqing dwindling, however, some of the star Yongqing glass beads enterprises CBN abrasive grit gradually transforming ideas, using coke instead of natural gas, it will not only reduce the firing of glass Beads of cost, it can re-use resources, greatly improving energy efficiency, but also played a role in environmental protection.
Reflective glass beads into ordinary high refractive index glass beads and glass beads. Ordinary glass beads for road paint mainly the refractive index of 1.5 or greater

CBN Profile

Cubic boron nitride , the formula BN, diamond-like crystal structure , lower hardness than diamond is HV72000 ~ 98000 MPa , and the tool used as the abrasive material . In 1957 , RH temperature Rostov USA first developed cubic boron nitride.
For a long time , the CBN is considered non-existent CBN abrasive grit in nature , until 2009 , the American University of California, Riverside , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists and their counterparts from China , Germany, together with research institutions , found in the mountainous Tibetan Plateau in southern China about 306 kilometers deep underground ancient oceanic crust of this mineral chromium-rich rocks , which at about 1300 degrees Celsius , atmospheric pressure conditions 118,430 formed crystals. The team with Professor Qing-Song Fang Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences names new mineral named qingsongite ( suffix ite said mineral ) . International Mineralogical Association in August 2013 formally recognized that this is a new mineral - CBN . And the atomic structure of diamond- like carbon atoms in the structure, it has the characteristics of high density and hardness comparable to the diamond , and the tool is often used as an abrasive material .
CBN CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) is the first use in the 1950s by the U.S. General Electric (GE) company artificially synthesized under high temperature and pressure conditions , and its hardness only to diamond and is much higher than other materials , thus it is referred to CBN abrasive grit as superhard materials and diamond .
CBN
CBN is a hexagonal boron nitride and catalyst at high temperature synthesis , following the advent of synthetic diamond appeared a new type of high-tech products . It has high hardness, thermal stability and chemical inertness , and good rosy appearance and wide band gap , excellent performance , it is second only to diamond in hardness , but much higher than the thermal stability of James Bond stone, iron -based metal element has a greater chemical stability. CBN abrasive grinding performance is excellent , not only capable of performing difficult to grind materials processing , increase productivity , but also effectively improve the grinding quality of the workpiece. CBN is a major contribution to the use of metal processing , leading to revolutionary changes grinding , grinding is the second leap in technology .

Diamond Case

Yuan Shi
December 2010, Japanese scientists
Cylindrical "Yuan Shi"
Successfully synthesized the world's hardest diamond, more than 1 cm in diameter, and strive to cooperate with the fastest production company said.
This is the result CBN abrasive grit of a cylindrical diamond Ehime University researchers in Japan with Sumitomo Electric Industries, Inc. cooperation, was named "Yuan Shi", taken from "Ehime."
Tetsuo researchers into the boat, said Yuan stone is the world's hardest artificial diamond, diamond-hard, a lot CBN abrasive grit more than ordinary, and therefore can be applied to many industrial activities were. "Yuan Shi can help people learn more about carbon elemental crystals under high pressure and temperature conditions deep in the earth formation; same time, as a kind of industrial supplies, its life expectancy is several times longer than ordinary diamond.

CBN Profile

Cubic boron nitride , the formula BN, diamond-like crystal structure , lower hardness than diamond is HV72000 ~ 98000 MPa , and the tool used as the abrasive material . In 1957 , RH temperature Rostov establishment of the United States first developed CBN .
For a long time , the CBN is considered non-existent in nature , until 2009 , the American University of California, Riverside , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists and their counterparts from China , Germany, together with research institutions , found in the mountainous Tibetan Plateau in southern China about 306 kilometers deep underground ancient oceanic crust of this mineral chromium-rich rocks , which at about 1300 degrees Celsius , atmospheric pressure conditions 118,430 formed CBN abrasive grit crystals. The team with Professor Qing-Song Fang Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences names new mineral named qingsongite ( suffix ite said mineral ) . International Mineralogical Association in August 2013 formally recognized that this is a new mineral - CBN . And the atomic structure of diamond- like carbon atoms in the structure, it has the green silicon carbide characteristics of high density and hardness comparable to the diamond , and the tool is often used as an abrasive material .
CBN CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) is the first use in the 1950s by the U.S. General Electric (GE) company artificially synthesized under high temperature and pressure conditions , and its hardness only to diamond and is much higher than other materials , thus it is referred to as superhard materials and diamond .
CBN
CBN is a hexagonal boron nitride and catalyst at high temperature synthesis , following the advent of synthetic diamond appeared a new type of high-tech products . It has high hardness, thermal stability and chemical inertness , and good rosy appearance and wide band gap , excellent performance , it is second only to diamond in hardness , but much higher than the thermal stability of James Bond stone, iron -based metal element has a greater chemical stability. CBN abrasive grinding performance is excellent , not only capable of performing difficult to grind materials processing , increase productivity , but also effectively improve the grinding quality of the workpiece. CBN is a major contribution to the use of metal processing , leading to revolutionary changes grinding , grinding is the second leap in technology .

Ya Yu Gang

Corundum high quality bauxite purity as the main raw material, through a unique formula above 2300 ℃ in electric arc furnace smelting and refining temperature delay processing by a special process, high temperature, corrosion, erosion, low porosity, thermal stability performance advantages. Effectively solve the detonation corundum occur when alternative white fused alumina and other aluminum group, cracking, chalking and other issues. Practice has proved that a white fused alumina, tabular alumina and fused dense corundum ideal alternative.
Corundum of sand (Barmac plastic), powder (pickling) has not burst, not powder bulk density and large, good fluidity characteristics in use. It can be widely used to produce a variety of unshaped refractory materials and other products and corundum pouring bulk materials and unshaped refractory products corundum light burning.

Refractory mineral composition

Refractory products are mineral composition body. Nature of the product is its mineral composition and microstructure of a comprehensive reflection. Refractory products depends on its chemical composition of the mineral composition and process conditions. The same chemical composition of products, due to different process green silicon carbide conditions, the mineral phase of the species, the number of grain size differences, and binding of formation, its performance may be quite different. Such as SiO2 content of siliceous same products, because SiO2 may form different structures and properties of two types of minerals under different conditions - phosphorus quartz and  green silicon carbide  , so there will be some differences in the nature of products. Even if some articles in the mineral composition, but with different grain size of the mineral phase, shape and distribution will also have a significant effect on the nature of the article

CBN grinding wheel

CBN (cubic boron nitride) abrasive structure CBN (cubic boron nitride) grinding the general structure of the operating layer, the substrate, the buffer layer consists of three parts. CBN layer known as a working layer, the abrasive, binders and fillers, is abrasive synthetic diamond working portion. The buffer layer is also called non-CBN layer of binding agent, and a filler metal powder is firmly attached to the part of the base layer of the CBN. The base is machined from aluminum, steel or made ​​of bakelite, supporting work from abrasive layer and the role of chucking.

White fused alumina abrasive

White corundum abrasives, white fused alumina, white fused alumina block, white fused alumina abrasive, white corundum sand
White fused alumina abrasive is as raw materials, high temperature melting together. White, slightly higher hardness CBN abrasive gritthan corundum, toughness lower. Made with white corundum abrasives for grinding high carbon steel, high speed steel and hardened steel and the like. White corundum abrasives, corundum abrasive polishing materials can be used, but also for precision sand casting, coating materials, chemical catalyst carrier, special ceramics, advanced refractories.
White fused alumina abrasive properties: white, hard and brittle compared with corundum, cutting force is strong, good chemical stability, has good insulating properties.
White fused alumina Fused zirconia mullite abrasive Scope: do solid structure and coated abrasives, wet or dry sand jet for crystal, ultra-fine grinding and polishing of the electronics industry and production of advanced refractory. Suitable for machining hardened steel, alloy steel, high speed steel, high carbon steel and other hard hardness, tensile strength greater material. White fused alumina abrasives can also be used as catalyst, insulators and precision casting sand.

What is the abrasive polishing?

That is a high-speed rotating polishing using various grinding polishing machines, and carried on the surface  CBN abrasive grit  ceramics machining process. Polishing process includes: Calibrating grinding, coarse, medium grinding, fine grinding, polishing, edging and inverted corners and other processes. Abrasives and Abrasive used: Calibrating the above steps except using diamond grinding, the rest are using  CBN abrasive grit variety of silicon carbide powder fineness. When polished face flush cooling needs in order to take a lot of heat generated in the face to prevent products bursting. The need for drying, waxing or other surface coatings polished to enhance its anti-fouling ability, improve gloss products. Currently polishing process is mainly used for finishing ceramic tiles, and has developed a fully automatic polishing machine.

What is the abrasive?

Abrasive is a sharp, hard material, relatively soft material to the grinding surface. There are natural and artificial abrasive abrasive abrasive two categories. Classification according to the hardness of superhard abrasives and abrasive ordinary extravagant CBN abrasive grit categories. A wide range of abrasives, from softer household detergents, abrasive gem hardest material to diamond. Each product is a precision abrasive essential material. Many natural abrasives, has been replaced by artificial abrasive. In addition to diamonds, the natural abrasive properties are not very stable, but still has its value. Diamond is the hardest abrasive, origin green silicon carbide South Africa, accounting for 95% of world production, the rest of Brazil, Australia, Guyana and Venezuela. Industries ranging from white to black diamond, can be made after the crushing wheel, abrasive, polishing wheels and abrasive powder.

The concept of mullite

Mullite (or Mok Stone) is composed of a series of aluminum silicate minerals collectively, this type of mineral relatively scarce. Mullite is an aluminum silicate mineral is generated at high temperatures, the formation of the artificial heat aluminosilicate mullite. Natural mullite crystals elongated needles and showed radiation clusters. Mo quarry was used to produce high-temperature refractories. In the C / C composites and more as the heat rose coatings widely used.

Introduction to basic refractories

Basic refractories to CaO, MgO refractory alkaline earth oxides as the main ingredient. Usually refers to the magnesia refractories, refractory and calcareous dolomitic refractories.
Mainly in the following categories:
(1) strongly alkaline brick, magnesium carbon brick, brick and lime dolomite refractory;
(2) alkaline chrome magnesia refractories, refractory forsterite and magnesium aluminum, magnesium and chromium spinel refractories.
Basic refractories for basic slag at high temperatures, resistance to strong alkaline flux, but the acidic slag, refractory acid or acid flux from a chemical reaction. Mainly used in steel-making furnaces and basic non-ferrous metal smelting furnaces and cement kilns.

Refractory performance

Physical properties of refractories include structural properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, performance and job performance.
Structural performance refractories include porosity, bulk density, water absorption, air permeability, pore size distribution.
Refractory thermal properties including thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat, heat capacity, the thermal diffusivity, the thermal emission rate.
Mechanical properties include compressive strength of the refractory, tensile strength, flexural strength, torsional strength, shear strength, impact strength, abrasion resistance, creep resistance, bond strength, elastic modulus.
Performance refractories include refractoriness, RUL, heavy firing line changes, thermal shock resistance, slag resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, resistance to water resistance, corrosion resistance to CO, conductivity, oxidation resistance and so on.

The concept of refractories

Refractoriness of not less than 1580 ℃ in a class of inorganic non-metallic materials. Refractoriness is the refractory cone specimen in the absence of load cases, resistance to high temperature without melting down the softening temperature in Celsius. Refractory materials are widely used in metallurgy industry, chemical industry, petroleum, machinery manufacturing, silicates, power, etc., the largest amount in the metallurgical industry, accounting for 50% to 60% of total production.

Brown corundum material

Corundum high quality bauxite as raw material, anthracite, iron Xiao, in the arc by ? ? ? ? degrees above the melting temperature is made by crushing ? plastic from the mill, magnetic separation to iron, screening a variety of granularity, which dense texture, high hardness, formation of spherical particles, for the manufacture of pottery ? porcelain, resin, high abrasive grinding, polishing, sandblasting, precision casting, etc., can also be used to manufacture advanced refractories. Main component is alumina corundum, graded to distinguish it from aluminum content, the lower aluminum content will lower the hardness of it.

CBN abrasive grit,alluvial garnet gbrasives,waterjet abrasives

Development and application of silicon carbide refractories in the development and application of power station boiler in the material circulating fluidized bed boiler has good abrasion resistance, thermal shock resistance, dimensional stability and strength, thermal performance is also very good. Chucierwai, the material also has good performance, such as site preparation is simple, fast growth in strength, ease of construction and subsequent strong bond with the metal components and so on. Can be used in circulating fluidized bed boiler combustion chamber liner and a separate entrance to the high temperature and so on.
 Application and development of its high thermal conductivity silicon carbide refractories, high temperature, thermal shock and hardly reacts with the molten slag and other features on a regular boiler, are often used to guard fired with pulverized coal in general